Military Communication Systems are designed in accordance with the latest standards to meet the various communication needs of users working on military platforms. Uninterrupted, secure, economical and fast communication solutions are offered to users by combining the experience and up-to-date technological developments. With communication systems designed for land, air and sea platforms, uUninterrupted, secure voice and data communication infrastructure between platforms is provided. with communication systems designed in accordance with land, air and sea platforms.
GMKA, Military Communication Systems, creates constitute the backbone of military communication and provides secure voice and data communication between users with various Electronic Protection Measures. Original Unique solutions are created in line with the demands of domestic and international clients, and products that have proven themselves in the international arena are presented. The Solutions offered by Military Communication Systems ; It meets the communication needs not only in Turkey but also in many countries around the world in many different areasin many different fields, from land, air and sea naval platforms to missile platforms., not only in Turkey but also in many countries of the world.
GMKA Defense stays up-to-date with the developments in communication, navigation and target identification systems in the world and in our country.
COMMUNICATION, NAVIGATION AND TARGET IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS
1. Communication: The ability to communicate by voice or data with friendly forces, with personnel in the same aircraft, with other aircraft in the squadron, with the command and control center on the ground, or with soldiers on the ground.
2. Navigation: The ability to access location and geographic information of military aircraft, land and maritime vehicles to complete their missions.
3. Target Identification: Rules for aiming at a given target. The ability to classify and identify the target before firing.
The three systems in question can be described as CNI (Communication-Navigation-Identification).
a) COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
The RF spectrum of the CNI functions is lies in the range of 100 kHz to 4 GHz, as seen in the figure below.
The list of these systems in ascending order of frequency is as follows:
• Communication units
• HF radios
• VHF/UHF radios
• Satellite communication (SatCom)
• Data link
Target Identification Units:
• Identification Friend-or-Foe (IFF)
• Air Traffic Control (ATC) Mode S
• TCAS
Multiple antennas must be mounted on the fuselage to perform CNI functions. The figure below shows the antennas mounted on the fuselage of a military aircraft.
Each antenna has its own mounting criteria, depending on its operating characteristics and transmitting specifications. The GPS and SATCOM antenna are above, and the landing-related ILS antennas are located at the front, in the lower fuselage to see satellites.
Communication Control Systems
It is increasingly difficult to control the communication system on an aircraft. The complexity increases with the speed of the aircraft, the density of air traffic, and the proliferation of communication types. For convenience settings such as communication type and frequency selection are configured by the Flight Management System (FMS). In this way, the workload of the pilot is reduced.
HF Communication
Widely used for land, maritime and air communications. The communication band (HF SSB/AM) is in the range of 2 MHz to 30 MHz. When there is no direct line of sight between aircraft and ground communication stations, HF communication is used for very long distance communications (for example, over the ocean). HF data link (HFDL) is used to improve the quality of communication. This reduces distortions in voice communication.
VHF and UHF Communication
The VHF band is used for civil aviation and the UHF band for military aviation. The VHF band used in civil aviation is in the range of 118,000–135,975 MHz. VHF/UHF communication is direct communication. IN other words, the transmitting and receiving antennas must be visible to each other. The communication distance depends on the height of the antennas above ground.
Many data links (VHFDL) are used in VHF communication. ACARS (Aircraft Communication and Reporting System) radios, which send operational information to the earth station, are special radios that provide data communication at 131.55 MHz frequency.
The adjacent image shows a state-of-the-art radio which provides a secure anti-jam sound, data and video transmission, with networking capabilities and satellite communication.
Satellite Communication
Aircraft communicate with INMARSAT (International Maritime Satellite Organization) satellite in L-band,
The transmit frequency is in the 1626.5–1660.5 MHz band and the receive frequency is in the 1530.0–1559.0 MHz band. The satellite and the earth station communicate in C-band.
The signal flow from the aircraft to a receiver on the ground is as follows: aircraft – satellite – earth station – a receiver on the ground. The communication path from the ground to plane is the reverse. When the radio is switched on, it automatically scans the satellite frequencies (1530-1559 MHz), and when it finds a signal, it registers to the network of earth stations to which that satellite is connected. Thus, any station on the ground sees the airplane. After registration, communication can take place between the aircraft and a user on the ground. The way it works is the same as in the GSM system.
The adjacent figure shows the installation of the VHF/UHF/SATCOM antenna on the aircraft fuselage.
b) TARGET DETECTION SYSTEMS
IFF
The IFF (Identification Friend-or-Foe) system is used effectively in both military and civilian areas today. With this system, it is possible for friendly forces to recognize each other and to prevent them from harming each other. The IFF system is an inquiry and response system. It consists of inquiring and responding devices. The inquirer works in coordination with the primary sensor on the platform and inquires the targets detected by the radar, and as a result, the friendly or unknown data of the aircraft and the information about the aircraft are obtained.
Mod S Transponder
Air Traffic Control Transponder: The increasing number of civil aircraft can cause problems in air traffic control. To overcome these problems, civil organizations around the world have adapted IFF technology to civil air traffic control environments. In these environments, the IFF system is called SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar).
Mod S (Selective) has been developed as a surveillance and data link system used to support Air Traffic Control Systems (ATC) in heavy traffic environments.
With the Mod S system, it is possible to transmit information such as addressable interrogation capability, data link capability, flight information of the aircraft, speed, route, weather conditions. This enables more effective air traffic control.
In Mode S, airplanes can periodically broadcast information about their identity and flight status, even without being interrogated. This allows for better traffic control and less electromagnetic pollution.
TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System)
Air traffic accident prevention systems.
C) DATA LINK
Advances in the simultaneous transmission of sound, data and image allowed great innovations on the battlefield. The most important of these possibilities is the Link-16 system. It is also called JTIDS (Joint Tactical Information Distribution System) or MIDS (Multifunctional Information Distribution System).
Vital information that friendly units have tomust use among themselves in the war environment is shared with the Link-16 data exchange format between computers.
Link-16 operates in the 960-1215 MHz band. It is a secure and jam-resistant network radio system based on TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
Link-16 Tactical Airborne Terminal is shown in the adjacent image.
The image below shows how the armed forces are integrated.
d) VHF/UHF AIR AND GROUND RADIOS
VHF/UHF Radios are radios with Have Quick I-II and Saturn (optional) frequency hopping features that enable airborne radio communication to be carried out safely and effectively without being affected by electronic warfare threats.
Aerial Platform Radios
It consists of two different units, namely panel mounted and remote controlled type. The Remote Command Control Unit is a device designed for remote command of air platform radios and can control all the functions of the radio.
Ground Radios
VHF / UHF ground radios consist of manpack radio, vehicular radio and base station radio units depending on operational requirements.
Link-16 Tactical Data Link
It is the current data transfer system used by the air force.
